公路治超必须从动态称重抓起

公路治超事业与动态称重事业是一对相互依存的共同体,治超离不开动态称重,动态称重也离不开治超事业。在"四个一流"公路治超体系建设的同时,与公路治超同呼吸共命运的动态称重技术也取得了很大发展,已经完成了由轴载荷计重模式向整车称重模式的转化,新技术已经具备高准确度、高稳定性、高通行率等特征,能够适应公路现场应用,计量结果完全不受车辆不规则驾驶的影响,精准可靠。公路治超事业需要准确的称重技术,动态称重技术需要公路治超的舞台,"四个一流"的公路治超信息化体系建设更离不开一流的动态称重技术。     

人工监督神经网络在煤层裂缝发育区识别中的应用

针对在地震属性应用中难以精细识别煤层裂缝发育区边界的难题,开展了基于人工监督神经网络技术的煤层裂缝发育区应用研究。从地震资料中获取倾角导向体以提取高质量的地震属性,以多属性为指导进行人工拾取样点,并基于多层感知器进行神经网络机器训练学习,建立裂缝的最优属性集,拓展整体数据后获得裂缝概率体,从而识别划分出煤层裂缝发育区。该技术在山西阳泉新元矿区进行了应用,煤层裂缝发育区的识别结果明显优于属性直接识别,但勘探区内暂无钻井资料,预测效果还有待进一步验证。     

红土镍矿冶金技术研究进展

如今世界经济迅猛发展,金属镍的需求量也在加速增长。人们主要从硫化镍矿和红土镍矿中提炼金属镍。然而硫化镍矿资源因大规模开发而不断减少,红土镍矿未来将成为镍的主要来源。因此研究红土镍矿的高效开发利用,是当今围绕镍资源研究的热点,对实际生产具有重要的现实意义。本文简要介绍了镍的应用、开发红土镍矿的意义、红土镍矿的矿物学特性、红土镍矿世界范围内的储量和分布,并且列举并分析了红土镍矿的各种冶炼工艺及其优点与不足,同时综述了有关红土镍矿研究的新方法,为红土镍矿高附加值综合利用研究提出思路。     

松河井田多煤层资源开发条件及合采储层伤害特征

为了降低煤层气井排采过程中的储层伤害,通过分析松河井田的资源开发条件及煤层气井排采数据,总结各排采阶段不合理排采控制引起的储层伤害特征,提出不同排采阶段合理的排采工艺对策。分析结果表明:松河井田煤层气资源丰度达到2.09×10^8m^3/km^2,煤层气资源开发条件较好;松河井田多煤层合层排采过程中,不合理排采控制工艺对煤层气井的产气量影响较大;排采初期以速敏伤害为主,排采中期以气锁和应力闭合伤害为主;修井作业及停抽期间,气锁效应及应力闭合对煤层造成伤害的可能性增大。合理的排采控制能够有效降低煤层气井的储层伤害,提高煤层气井产气量。     

Formulation strategy towards minimizing viscosity mediated negative food effect on disintegration and dissolution of immediate release tablets

Food induced viscosity can delay disintegration and subsequent release of API from solid dosage form which may lead to severe reduction in the bioavailability of BCS type III compounds. Formulations of such tablets need to be optimized in view of this postprandial viscosity factor. In this study, three super disintegrants, croscarmellose sodium (CCS), cross-linked polyvinylpolypyrrolidone (CPD), and sodium starch glycolate (SSG) were assessed for their efficiency under simulated fed state. Tablets containing these disintegrants were compressed at 10 and 30?KN, while taking lactose as a soluble filler. In addition to other compendial tests, disintegration force of these formulations was measured by texture analysis. Comparison of parameters derived from force – time curves revealed a direct relation of maximum disintegration force (F_max) and disintegration force development rate (DFDR) with compressional force in fasted state, whereas an inverse relationship of F_max and DFDR with compressional force was observed in fed state. The gelling tendency of disintegrants influenced the rate of release of API in simulated fed and fasted states when compressional force was changed. These observations recommend the evaluation of formulations in simulated fed state, in the development stage, with an objective of minimizing the negative impact of food induced viscosity on disintegration. Use of disintegrants that act without gelling or can counteract the effect of gelling is recommended for tablet formulations with reduced disintegration time (DT) and mean dissolution time (MDT) in fed state, respectively.     

Sustainability assessment of Iranian petrochemical companies in stock exchange: A data envelopment analysis-based approach

The assessment of efficiency is always of particular importance according to different indicators from different perspectives. There are various techniques for evaluating petrochemical companies, among which the data envelopment analysis technique is one of the best techniques that can be used to calculate the relative efficiency of a set of decision-making units with network structures. In the present paper, seven petrochemical companies listed in the Iranian stock exchange were analysed. These companies were evaluated in terms of financial performance and sustainable development, and their relative efficiency was calculated during 2015–2016. According to the obtained results, only Marun Petrochemical Co. was found to be efficient in all areas and years. The results also showed that four companies were efficient in financial terms over the period under study. In the general conclusion regarding the companies' performance, Marun was ranked first, Jam was ranked second, and Zagros was ranked third.     

中国大气田科学开发的内涵

大气田是指天然气探明地质储量超过300×10~8 m~3、天然气峰值年产量在10×10~8 m~3以上且具有一定稳产期的气田。其是中国天然气储产量快速增长和未来长期稳定发展的重要基础,也是保障我国供气安全的关键。通过对国内外260余个大气田开发实践的系统分析和典型气田的解剖模拟,综合研究了大气田科学开发的内涵、核心技术以及全生命周期指标体系。大气田科学开发的内涵包括:①提出以"识别水、控制水、治理水"为技术体系的天然气开发理念,即常规气田"控水开发"、非常规气田人工压裂"注水开发",根据气藏类型和气藏特征,确定合理的采气速度;②综合评价气田开发经济效益和社会效益,保障气田长期稳产;③根据气井生产特征和储层发育特征,选取适用的气田稳产方式;④依据对常规与非常规气藏不同开发阶段的精细描述、气藏开发特征和生产动态的监测,确定气田可采储量、气田水与人工注水开发规律、气田提高采收率技术对策、气田效益稳产期与发展战略。大气田科学开发的核心技术包括:规模优化技术、科学布井技术、均衡开采技术和深度挖潜技术。进而综合优选出产量、压降、采出程度、单位压降产量等多个参数作为评价大气田科学开发的关键指标,建立了高压、低渗透—致密、裂缝—孔隙型和页岩气等4类气藏的全生命周期指标体系。结论认为,该研究成果有助于指导不同类型大气田的科学开发,进一步促进我国天然气产业的快速发展。     

Progress of Air Pollution Control in China and Its Challenges and Opportunities in the Ecological Civilization Era

China’s past economic growth has substantially relied on fossil fuels, causing serious air pollution issues. Decoupling economic growth and pollution has become the focus in developing ecological civilization in China. We have analyzed the three-decade progress of air pollution controls in China, highlighting a strategic transformation from emission control toward air quality management. Emission control of sulfur dioxide (SO₂) resolved the deteriorating acid rain issue in China in 2007. Since 2013, control actions on multiple precursors and sectors have targeted the reduction of the concentration of fine particulate matter (PM_2.5), marking a transition to an air-quality-oriented strategy. Increasing ozone (O₃) pollution further requires O₃ and PM_2.5 integrated control strategies with an emphasis on their complex photochemical interactions. Fundamental improvement of air quality in China, as a key indicator for the success of ecological civilization construction, demands the deep de-carbonization of China’s energy system as well as more synergistic pathways to address air pollution and global climate change simultaneously.     

PVC地板行业研究现状及发展趋势

概述了国内外PVC地板行业的生产及应用现状,比较了几种地板材料的优缺点,介绍了PVC地板生产技术的研究进展情况,分析了国内PVC地板行业的发展趋势。     

高熵氧化物的制备及应用研究进展

高熵氧化物作为近几年发展起来的新型氧化物体系，打破了传统掺杂氧化物的设计理念，由五种及以上氧化物以等摩尔或近等摩尔构成，因其具有简单的结构和优异的性能等受到国内外研究人员的广泛关注。高熵氧化物由于多主元且主元之间混乱排列，易形成岩盐型、氟化钙型、尖晶石型或钙钛矿等固溶体结构，从而表现出优异的性能，尤其在能源存储材料和磁性材料方面有十分广阔的应用前景，但目前对高熵氧化物应用研究较少。本工作介绍了国内外高熵氧化物的制备方法，主要包括固相法、热解法、共沉淀法、水热合成法和液相燃烧合成法等，比较了各方法的优缺点和发展前景；归纳了高熵氧化物作为锂离子电极材料、巨介电材料、磁性材料和催化材料等方面的应用；指出了高熵氧化物目前研究存在的问题，讨论了解决措施，展望了高熵氧化物未来的发展趋势。